Sunday, 9 January 2011
Dear readers!
Today in this, let`s say, lesson I will describe what is yacht and what are main types of yachts.
Yacht (holand - jacht, jagen - to drive, pursue) . Originally light and fast vessel for transportation of important persons. Subsequently — any sailing or the motor sailing boat intended for the sports or tourist purposes.Motor Sailing yachts are most extended.
In modern use the term "Yacht" means three various ships classes: sailing yachts, motor sailing and motor yachts.Almost all sailing yachts has inboard or outboard motors for maneuvering in marine or driving with small speed for lack of a wind.
All the boats / yachts can be divided into motor boats, sailing boats, catamarans,gulets and luxury yachts. Each of the group has a subgroup of its own. Thus, the motor boats can be divided into those with one engine, with two or more engines, fly bridge or open. Sailing boats also have so many varieties, cruising boats, racers. Not to mention luxury yachts and gulets.
Let`s talk about dimensions of yacht.
The greatest length (LOA or Overall Length) and the greatest width (Overall Beam) are overall dimensions. Include all acting parts, such as a bowsprit (the horizontal or inclined element acting forward from a nose of a sailing vessel, is intended for removal forward the center of sails that improves manoeuvrability of a vessel), the anchor, etc. Yacht Hull Length. The more important indicator of the speed limit, which is capable of yacht - the length of the waterline.Max draft (when the boat is fully loaded with supplies, with the crew and passengers on board in fresh water) - Draft maximum.
For sailing yachts have to take into consideration the height of the mast above the water. But this is only if the yacht will pass under the bridges.
Sailing yacht with motor.
Sail-motor yacht. The basis of any yacht of its body. It treats all loads and thus should not overturn. Keel sailing yacht, which is virtually all single-hull boats are securely attached under the bottom element of stabilization, called the keel.Keel is made of some heavy metals (iron, lead, or even uranium) and performs two functions. The main task - to prevent overturning boats. Weight of the keel is usually about a third of the total weight boat. Another task of the keel - to serve the for preventing lateral drift (to minimize the drift).When sailing and motor yacht moves only under the motor, lateral drift does not arise. Sails as the boat pulled not only forward but also to leeward. This prevents the keel, and the result is a roll yacht. To keel worked well, it makes a sufficiently large and deep. Because of the keel sailboats have a significant sediment and sail always go with a bank (other than passing courses). Normal roll under sail is 30 degrees.Of course, there are sailboats without a steady keel (or fins - there may be several). They are called the dinghy. At the bottom of a boat dinghy done well (or multiple wells), through which the crew lowers the centerboard - thus provide lateral resistance to the body. Centerboard itself is lightweight and is not intended to hold dinghy from capsizing, but rather it promotes it.Therefore, the crew is forced roll dinghy with their weight, which is not always possible. Novice dinghy sailors are strongly not recommended.
Max. Possible yacht speed
The proportions of the hull, the maximum speed of the yacht. Is not only the absolute length of the hull, but the ratio of length to width ratio. In the classic yacht ratio of width to length 1:8 (sometimes even 1:10). The narrower the boat, so it is a high-speed. Buying a boat, you may ask, for what the maximum speed it is capable of. This value is known beforehand and is called the Hull Speed.
Hull is divided waterline on underwater and surface parts. In addition to the keel under the water is rudder - a plane capable of turning left and right. Wheel operated steering mechanism, hidden in a remote site of hull. All steering device complies with the rotation of the wheel. In addition to the wheel steering device can be used sailboat tiller.
This are examples, firs picture boat has modern sailing helm.
On the second picture boat has modern sailing tiller. Both can be different style and even shape but basics always stays.
Between the keel and rudder blade is a propeller. Moving under sail, it is the only brake. Therefore, on sailing yachts those are made the two-bladed, to be able to expand vertically and hide behind the keel. Sometimes the screw makes folding in the form of a duck beak. Since the beginning of the rotation of such screw propeller shaft automatically opens and closes when the engine stops. Duck beak is ineffective in reversing mode. But on sailing yachts, it tolerated. Speed requires sacrifice.
Surface casing consists of the nose, aft, right and left sides and decks. The nose is called the front part of the vessel and the stern - the rear. You should know that boards are completely symmetrical to each other, but unequal in value.Starboard - right board is traditionally considered more honorable than the left board - Port. However, the speed is not affected. Sails are pulling the vessel not only forward, but under the wind, creating a drift and roll.
Anywhere in the hull above the water can be arranged windows open or blind. Vertically arranged box called portholes, and a horizontal position - hatches. As with conventional windows, they perform the functions of natural light and ventilation.While sailing this windows are closed, to provide water-resistance. Opaque doors, which you can find in the sides of large boats, called the lats ports and serve to communicate the interior of the yacht with the outside. Use them mainly for parking.
Deck is upper surface of the body with all that there is. And there are superstructure, the cabin, cockpit, winch, sensible things, air intakes and so on. Superstructure or deck - sort of cabin on the deck, increasing the volume of the interior yacht. On the sport yacht may be no superstructure, but on the cruise may be several. The cockpit is the opposite of the superstructure.
This hole in the deck, which provides safe accommodation for people in moving boat. In the cockpit brought all sorts of yacht controls. The cockpit is located either in feed or in the center. On some boats, and sometimes we find one and other. Then one is for the crew and the other is used by guests.
Entrance of the yacht is equipped with a cabin - the superstructure.in any case there is the door of any structure, it is made for locking an interior and to provide integrity. This provides not only comfort but also safety boat.
From falling overboard protects the railing. Along the edges of the deck mounted vertical rack - rails, through which the cables - lifelines. When among the passengers are small children, then further tighten the grid over lifelines. During the storm, the crew is connecting safety belts to lifelines. The nose part is used for anchors and devices to use it - spike or windlass.
On some boats in the nose part we can find the bowsprit. To fasten front sail tackles on it. Bowsprit is like decoration of the silhouette of the yacht and gives it the charm of past sails eras. In fact, it`s not decoration, but a way of increasing the front triangle of yachts, in other words, yacht sails.
Modern yacht fashion offers a device over a folding cockpit canopy to protect people from sun and rain - Bimini top. This is a very useful innovation.
Winches are installed around the cockpit, without which even on a small boat can not control sheets and halyards of sails. It`s time to deal with the ropes. There are rigging and ends on the yacht. Rigging is running and standing. Standing rigging is constantly stretched - stuffed and mounted. Most often it is the steel cables that hold the mast - shrouds, forestay, etc. Running rigging - all this gear, which periodically move.
Various halyards move up and down. In all other areas sheets and brass re moving - to control the sails, different procrastination, tackle, mainsheet and twisting. Beyond the yachts leave the ends - anchoring, mooring, towing. With all of the rigging crew of the yacht is working. They draw - choose, and pull harder-stuffed. There are many different everyday names, it`s impossible to remember them at the first look, and that is useless for information.
Anyway, that`s a part of I have studied in russian theory, but I have found nice web page:
Rigging A yacht
Ropework
Dinghy Handling
Off the beach yacht handling
It`s explained in much better way about Rigging, Ropework and handling.
